Civil Scoops

What Is Architecture? The techniques and art of making the layout of buildings and constructing the building are architecture. Designing and decorating, selecting of furnishings, having supervision for construction, and renovating or remodeling a building. Architecture is an art. Besides designing and constructing architecture deals with aesthetics. Every building that was built by humans from … Read more

What Is Bond Breaker? In the modern construction industry, the term “prefabrication” or “precast” holds a significant value. Concrete elements are generally of two types; those are Precast and cast-in-situ construction. If the Precast construction, the concrete is cast at a place other than the site, which is when required, are brought to the site … Read more

All About of Concrete Batching Generally, concrete is a multipurpose, eco-friendly construction material that is widely used in most construction all over the world. Concrete is also an inexpensive material. Now we need to prepare this type of material, but if you are going to prepare good quality, then you need to consider all the … Read more

What Is Superstructures? The portion above the ground level and below the ground floor level is known as a plinth. The portion above the ground floor level is known as super-structure. It includes columns, walls, beams, floors, roofs, doors, windows, lintels, staircases, etc. In this article types of super-structures based on the method of load, … Read more

What Color Helps You Fall Asleep? You may apply soft pillows, a glossy blanket, a solid cushion, and slow music still, and you cannot sleep too soon. There are some purposes after your sleep hour in your time, but the nearby color development even acts as a necessary part of your immediate sleep. After learning … Read more

What Is Fat Lime? Fat lime is also known as Rich lime, High calcium lime, Pure lime, White lime. It is obtained by calculating limestones. When water is added to this lime, it produces hissing sound, a lot of heat is liberated it cracks and its volume is increased by 2-3 times the presence of … Read more

What is Waffle Slab Foundation? The waffle slab foundation system is also called a waffle mat foundation. The waffle slab foundation is constructed above the ground like a mat foundation and is also used to provide a load-bearing capacity on expensive, compressible, rocky, or hydro collapsible soil. To construct a waffle slab foundation at first, … Read more

What Is Transportation Engineering? Transportation plays an important role in the development of the country. Transportation Engineering is a branch of civil engineering which deals with the planning, designing, operation, and maintenance of an efficient and safe transportation system. It is a responsibility of Transportation Engineer to plan, design, build and operate the whole Transportation … Read more

What Is Pad Foundation? Pad footing is the type of shallow footing used to spread a concentrated load through columns into the soil mass. It’s also known as isolated footing. It can also be deep, depending upon the ground conditions. It can either be reinforced or non-reinforced. It’s constructed by digging holes into the ground, … Read more

Types of Roof Tiles There are various types of tiles that are available in the market. There are mainly twelve types of tiles are available, those are Slate Roof Tile Metal Roof Tile Concrete Roof Tile Composite Roof Tile Solar Roof Tile Clay Roof Tile Synthetic Spanish Barrel Roof Tile Synthetic Slate Roof Tile Synthetic Cedar … Read more

What Is Mat Foundation? Mat foundation is also called a raft foundation. Generally, it is a continuous slab laying on the soil on which all the columns and beam of the structure are constructed. By the mat foundation, all load of the building or structure is transferred to the soil. Where the soil condition is … Read more

Introduction of Soil Vent Pipe The plumbing system and the Drainage of the important aspect of the building because it helps to drain off the wastewater from the building. The wastewater in the building should be properly removed through the pipes to the septic tanks and sanitary sewer. If the proper design and fittings of … Read more

Introduction of Shotcrete Vs Gunite Shotcreting and Guniting are one of the most important and widely used techniques in construction. The purpose of using the shotcrete and Guniting method is the same but the process of application is different. Guniting and shotcreting are both different techniques. Many people do not know the difference between Guniting … Read more

Introduction of Hydraulic Cement Water is the biggest enemy of the Civil Engineering Structures. Water can cause great damage to the structures. It is very necessary to protect the structures from moisture which can cause huge damage to the structures. The other types of cement cannot be used for the construction of the structures which are … Read more

What Is Bulking of Sand? The free moisture content in the fine aggregate or sand results in bulking of its volume. The phenomenon of increase in sand volume due to the addition of water or increase of moisture content is termed as Bulking of Sand. Bulking of Sand occurs when a film of water is … Read more

What Is Sandbag Cofferdam? The cofferdam is a short-term design that supports the building activity behind the logical waterless situation. A sandbag is none but a bag covered with sand and brick. While these sandbags will apply to create a cofferdam, it will call a sandbag cofferdam. In this process, void bags will equal as … Read more

Introduction Top 20 AAC Block Company in India Best AAC Block Company in India or which AAC Block brand company should I go to build my house? These are some of the common questions of ordinary people when it comes to building a home or building your own home. Well, most use aac block on … Read more

What is a Transom? The transom is blank of the window, but it is one kind of beam which divide the upper of the door and window from the wall volume. The chief motive of offering transom is to take the burden. This word is discover from the Latin word Trans which is known as … Read more

What Is Plumbing Joint? Pipes are connected with the help of joints. A variety of joints are used in an assembly of pipes. Connecting two or more pipes together is called a fitting. Various types of joints could be used in a pipe as per the requirement. Joints are also used for multiple pipe connections … Read more

Introduction of Vastu Tips for Home If you live in India then you must know about the word ‘Vastu‘. But if you do not know what Vastu is and how to follow the rules of Vastu while making a home then you shall read it. Since the beginning of human civilization, humans have cherished numerous … Read more

What Is Tile Popping? Tile popping is a phenomenon in which the floor tiles pop out, crack, or flex, causing unevenness in the floor. Rather than concrete or marble, floor tiles are now common in most homes. The marble floor doesn’t need any form of polishing or finishing to look beautiful. The tiles are beautiful … Read more

Introduction of Cantilever Bridge Cantilever Bridge is a special type of bridge which is constructed by using Cantilever members or the structures that project horizontally. In this article, you will get to know about cantilever bridges, type of cantilever bridge, and the Advantages and Disadvantages of cantilever bridges. What Does Cantilever Means? The cantilever is … Read more

What Are Plastic Roads? Plastic Roads are roads that are made completely of plastic or composites of plastic made with other materials. Difference between a Plastic Road and a standard road is that standard roads are made entirely of asphalt concrete, which consists of mineral aggregates and asphalt, where as plastic roads are made up … Read more

Introduction of Different Materials Used in Building Construction Building Materials are an essential element in the construction of any civil engineering structure. The durability and strength of the structure depend upon the quality of the building materials used in the structure’s construction. There are different types of construction materials available in the market and widely … Read more

Introduction of Beam Bridge Bridges are one of the most important parts of the Infrastructure of the country which plays a great role in the transportation of raw materials from one end to another end. There are many types of bridges which are constructed for the movement of traffic. In which article, you will get … Read more

What is a Raft Foundation? A raft foundation, also called a raft foundation, is essentially a continuous slab resting on the soil that extends over the entire footprint of the building, thereby supporting the building and transferring its weight to the ground. When determining which foundation is the most economical (foundation), the engineer should consider … Read more

Introduction of Marble Price Marble is an easily available material in the market. It is used on floors and tables, washrooms, and walls of a house or building. The price of marble varies on so many different factors. From cheap to costlier a variety of marble is available. The quality of marble is also variable. … Read more

What Is Inverted Beam? The Inverted beam is a reinforced concrete beam, different types shape of beam-like I beam, T Beam, L beam, etc. So, the height of the Inverted beam is the same as the normal height of a beam, as may be noticed in as per below fig. Inverted beams are popular and … Read more

Introduction of Door Hinges Hinge recreates a vital role in keeping your door in its right position. Hinges are generally used for doors and windows for interlocking. Hinges generally correspond to two leaves and a knuckle. The knuckle is formed by an interlocking corridor, generally an odd number. A leg runs through the center of … Read more

Load Bearing Wall Construction: Load Bearing Wall Construction was most widely used form of construction for large buildings from the 1700’s to the mid 1900’s. Load Bearing Wall Construction is rarely used today in large buildings, but smaller residential buildings are being built. Load Bearing Wall Construction consists mainly of thick, heavy brick or stone … Read more

Types of Paint Brushes and Their Uses Selecting current paint for your house is a great dramatic actor. We can expand times for seeking creation appearance but not believe that the finishing brush applies and choosing paint colors and varieties of color brushes equally consequential. Due to affordable paints do not give a suitable feel … Read more

What Is Guniting? The process was applicable in construction work, where it applied in the stabilization of prone or sloppy areas. Mainly purpose of this process is to heal some specific kinds of problems, like tank construction (contain water, storage for some specific chemicals), swimming pool construction, retaining wall for basement tanks, and repair works for … Read more

What Are Floating Houses? Floating house is generally a modern type of technology which is very popular in recent times. In today’s world, there are lack of free space to build a house or any type of structure because all the accessible free places are almost covered up. To recover this problem, you need to think … Read more

What Is Calacatta Quartz? Calacatta quartz is hardware that features calacatta marmoreal, a model of marmoreal. The shade of calacatta quartz is neat. It is also bright pale, although it always details unique style mode grey to gold. Types of Calacatta Quartz Here, the different types of calacatta quartz are as follows. Calacatta Classique Quartz … Read more

Instruction of Pitched Roof From the beginning of civilization, roofs are one of the essential structural components, necessary for building construction. Roofs protect the building structure and the inhabitants from adverse atmospheric and exposure condition and also to enable privacy to its inhabitants. The design and construction of a roof necessitate the consideration of several … Read more

What is Bitumen? Bitumen is a viscous, solid, or nonvolatile liquid. Bitumen is a complex and complected colloid system, the chemical properties of that are determined by the properties of crude oil by which it’s produced. Pure bitumen is a colloid dispersion of microscopic asphalt particles in oil (dispersion agent).The chemical composition of bitumen is … Read more

Plumbing Valve A plumbing valve is a system that is installed in the plumbing system. Plumbing is generally defined as the system where we need to install pipes and other required works to fix the drainage system. What Is Plumbing Valve? A plumbing valve is a type of valve which is installed in the pipeline. A … Read more

What Is a Sewage Pump? A sewage pump will apply to move sewage liquids and stability from one place to other. The main things which may conduct mushy stable up to 2 inches in width will pump from sewage pump to a sewer septic tank, and the final application of the sewage pump will design. … Read more

What Are Bathroom Accessories? The bathroom needs every section of the house. Now, bathrooms are essential for us. The bathroom isn’t big, but its style should be ready delicately. The structure of the bathrooms also depends on what other kinds of bathroom accessories and washroom accessories approve. Bathroom items usually pay attention to the early stages … Read more

Why Are Energy-Efficient Homes Necessary? We are staying in a production where regular energy root will apply at a fast speed. We must protect them for our upcoming reproduction because we are all careful. More time will use at the house, and by constructing energy-efficient homes, these standard energy roots can also decrease, or irregular … Read more

What is Commercial Building Roof? Commercial roofs are available in the marketplace in different types and different shapes according to the budget of the owner and the needs of the building. Types of roofs and the durability of the roof play an important role in the health of your building and the longevity of the … Read more

What Is Roof Overhangs? The distance between the house’s siding and the roof determines how much of an overhang there is on the roof. A structure known as the soffit is what can be found beneath an overhang. Although overhangs on slate roofs are typically longer than those on other roofs, almost all buildings have … Read more

Introduction of Canal Canal plays one of the most important roles in transportation and global commerce. The canal is widely used for the irrigation and drainage urban Water Supply, hydroelectric power generation, transportation of cargo and power generation purposes. In this article, you will get to know what is a Canal Irrigation and the classification … Read more

What Is Transportation of Concrete? Transportation of concrete is a process where we move freshly prepared concrete from one place to another place. Generally, we move concrete to that place where that concrete need to be dumped for structural construction purpose. The method of transportation of concrete depends upon the setting time of concrete, workability … Read more

What Is Bolt? A bolt is an externally threaded fastener created for the insertion through holes in the assembled parts. Generally, bolts are intended to be released by nuts. This Bolts in a uniform circular cross-section, the threads are spiral in structure and have a smaller pitch as compared to screws. These bolts don’t have tapered … Read more

What Are Walls? Wall is a structural element that divides the space (room) into two spaces (rooms) and also provides safety and shelter. Generally, the walls are differentiated as two types of outer-walls and inner-walls. Outer-walls give an enclosure to the house for shelter, and inner-walls help to partition the enclosure into the required number … Read more

What Is the Purpose of the Gabion Wall? A gabion wall is an arresting division designed by mountain rock covered with gabions tied up with wire. As a substitute mountain parallel, gabions retaining walls will commonly deteriorate with the lean surface. The gabion derives from an Old Italian word ”gabion” expressing vast jail. A gabion … Read more

Introduction of Difference Between Rafter and Truss. The Roof Framing system has undergone a huge revolution over the last some years. The main function of the Rafters and Trusses is to support the roof of the structure. If you are constructing your new home, then you may be confused that what should use to support … Read more

Fineness Modulus of Fine Aggregate: The sand fineness module (fine aggregate) is an index number describing the mean size of sand particles. By doing sieve analysis with normal sieves, it is measured. The accumulated percentage kept on each sieve is applied and the sum of the fine aggregate is subdivided by 100. To find the … Read more

What Is Skirting? In civil engineering, skirting is one of the most important part. Skirting is constructed in almost every residential building, commercial building, industrial building, etc. Generally skirting is a board which is provided in the junction point of the wall and the interior wall throughout its length. Generally skirting covers the many dispute … Read more

Introduction of Bridge Human beings have been constructing bridges for about four thousand years. The oldest and still existing bridge in the world is perhaps the Zhaozhou Bridge in Hebei Province in China, originally constructed approximately in A.D. 600. However, bridge design and construction then may not be considered bridge engineering practice by today’s definition. … Read more

What Is Bow Window? Bow window a type of window which is used to provide extra space to the homeowner. It creates extra space by projecting beyond the exterior wall of the building and provides extra wider view of the street or the garden. Bow window is widely known as the compass window. Bow window … Read more

Types of Kitchen Faucets The below kinds of kitchen faucets will checklist. Touchless Kitchen Faucets Pull Out and Pull Down Kitchen Faucets Single and Double Handles Kitchen Faucets Separate Sprayer’s Kitchen Faucets Commercial Kitchen Faucets Wall-Mounted Kitchen Faucets Touch Kitchen Faucet Pot Filler Faucets Let’s know detail knowledge of different types of Kitchen faucets. 1. … Read more

What Is Beam? The beam is a structural element that stands against the bending. Mainly beam carries vertical gravitational forces, but also pull the horizontal loads on it. The beam is called a wall plate or sill plate that carries the transmits and load it to the girders, columns, or walls. It is attached with. … Read more

What Is Drywall? Drywall is basically a gypsum board which is installed on the interior wall of the house. Drywall is widely known by some other names like gypsum panel, sheet-rock, wallboard, custard board, buster board, etc. In drywall, a gypsum board is sandwiched by two paper boards. Those are attached by quick set gypsum … Read more

What Is a Pony Wall? The pony wall is small. Also, it is known as the ”knee wall,” and this wall is a short design wall that will not design from the surface to the roof. These walls are an excellent path to remove the space of a large room except the rejection of to … Read more

What Is Sealant? The term “Sealant” can be simplified as “sealing elements”. Sealants are the materials, which are used to seal the progress of substance between two surfaces, or where two different characters meet. In the civil engineering field, sealants are materials, which is used to block the passage of any fluid or fluid-like substances, … Read more

Mass Concrete: Large bridge piers, foundation, and such as dams like the massive structure, the mass concreting technique is used. For also, mass concrete strength, economy, uniformity, and other factors considered should take into account. The temperature shrinkage is the major problem in mass concrete work. To prevent shrinkage, one must have excellent control of … Read more

What Is a Nail? Nail is the most common fasteners used in construction. Up to the end of the Colonial period, all nails used in the United States were handmade. They were forged on an anvil from nail rods, which were sold in bundles. These nail rods were prepared either by rolling iron into small … Read more

Introduction of WCB Vs. QB Whole circle bearing(WCB) and Quadrantal bearing(QB) are the two types of bearing which is used in the field of surveying for the purpose of measurement of the bearings. In this article, you will get to know about the whole circle bearing and Quadrantal bearing and their differences. What Is Whole … Read more

Mezzanine Floor The mezzanine floor is an intermediate floor of a building, below the open floor. At least twice as high as a floor with minimum height on a ceiling the mezzanine floor is placed halfway up the wall on a floor. To determining maximum floor space, a mezzanine does not count as one of … Read more

Concrete joints are used to compensate when concrete expands or shrinks with changes in temperature. Concrete joints are normally used to prevent cracking when concrete contractions, creating training, tools, sawdust, and placement of joint builders. Pre-planned cracks will provide a finishing product with a better finish and will be formed in specific locations where those … Read more

Types of Houses The types of houses vary from old to new times. Due to turn of people live hood. Now a day’s sum of complications is dependent on purchasing a home. Like the economic figure, lifestyle of people, modern appearance, kinds of houses, elements, area, natural character, environmental status, etc. The estate retail has … Read more

What Is Camber in Road? It’s mostly found in the highways the median part of the road surface is elevated with regards to the edges. This slope from the diagonal direction is known as the Camber. The purpose of the camber is to drain out the rainwater from the road surface around the edges. Camber … Read more

Introduction of RCC Column The whole structure of a building is comprised of different types of components. The column is one of the most important parts of the Framed Structure. Columns are designed to carry the axial loads in compression. The Columns are used all over the world for the decorative as well as structural … Read more

Introduction of Bay Window Bay windows are generally a set of three or more windows that creates an outer angle beyond the exterior wall of a house. Bay windows can be of many shapes like square, hexagonal, octagonal, and so on. Bay windows can largely be seen in the west. Mainly in Europe. But it … Read more

What Are Driveways? When there is no offering their knowing factors, driveways can and must will express to be fairness desirable- if done correctly. Basically, with the correct owner, this is an aim that is simply getting. Also Read: Different Types of Pavers for Driveways Types of Driveways 1. Concrete Driveways Concrete is desirable to be … Read more

What Is Luminous Flux? Luminous flux, or luminous power, is the measure of the perceived power of light. It differs from the measure of the total power of light emitted, termed ‘radiant flux‘ in that the former takes into account the varying sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths of light. In other words, … Read more

23 Types of cement that are available and used in India. Ordinary Portland Cement 33 Grade Ordinary Portland Cement 43 Grade Ordinary Portland Cement 53 Grade Portland Slag Cement Portland Pozzolana Cement Coloured Cement/White Cement Sulphate Resisting Cement Low Heat Portland Cement Rapid Hardening Cement Hydrophobic Portland Cement Extra Rapid Hardening Cement Quick Setting Cement … Read more

What Is an Arch? An arch is a design built up in a curved arc with a block arch system, which will connect with concrete and offer an opener to help the density wall more than with another underlying burden. Because of its design, the obligations more than carry dispense to bits of help. Also … Read more

Definition of Construction Construction is the methodology of developing a building or infrastructure. Manufacturing refers to production of comparable items with no particular purchaser, while construction occurs on a location for a known client. What is Building Construction? Building development is the methodology of addition of structure to property. The overwhelming majority of building construction … Read more

How to Get Rid of Paint Smell? The paint smell is one of the very annoying things in our house or room. We are naturally using water based paint that does not contain too much smell. There are a few steps or processes are available to remove that smell, those are- Good Ventilation: Good ventilation … Read more

Introduction of Doors Doors are an important part of the buildings which provide entrance and exit in the building. The door is defined as an openable barrier or a Framework which is made up of steel, aluminum, wood, or a combination of these all materials. In this article, we are discussing the various types of doors … Read more

Introduction of Concrete Finishing Concrete is a versatile building material which is widely used in the construction industry. Concrete is a mixture of cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and water in the appropriate proportion. Finishing is one of the most important parts after the casting of the concrete because it gives aesthetical view to the … Read more

What Is Concrete? Concrete is the final product resulting from mixing cement, aggregates (including sand), water, and mixtures. It is initially malleable in its “wet” state and solidifies over time, gaining strength and durability. The first use of concrete was by the Roman Empire. Although there is some indication that earlier civilizations used a distant … Read more

Introduction of Properties of Cement   Cement is one of the most widely used building materials in the construction Industry. Almost every type of construction required the use of cement. Cement is basically used as a binding material and it is one of the important civil engineering construction materials. Cement has various Physical as well … Read more

What Is Classification of Bricks? Many types of brick available in the market. All bricks are a different purpose and different place used, so us classification bricks as below. Classification of Bricks Based on Shape Based on Quality Based on Their Using Based on Raw Materials Based on Building Process Based on Manufacturing Method Bricks … Read more

What Is Lintel Beam? The lintel is a horizontal flexural member that spans over the openings in the walls for doors, windows, ventilators, cupboards, etc. A load of masonry above the opening is transferred to the wall by flexural action of the lintel so that frames of doors, windows, etc. are not unduly loaded. The … Read more

What Is Sunken Slab (Sunk Slab)? The sunken slab is one of the familiar and adaptable ways to maintain architectural design in especially the washroom, as well as laundry areas where water drainage systems or pipes installed below the floor or tiles. This system is accepted to provide an easy way to install sanitary products … Read more

Introduction of Concrete Mixer Concrete is one of the main and widely used building materials in construction. Concrete is prepared by mixing cement, aggregates, and water. Traditionally concrete is prepared by manually mixing cement, aggregates, and water with the help of construction tools. But the concrete which is made by manual mixing does not give … Read more

Selection of the right lateral force resisting system has a significant effect on the performance of the structure in steel structures. In this article, you will get to learn about the bracing systems and types of bracing systems used in steel structures. What Is Bracing? The bracing systems are an essential element for the which … Read more

What Is Caisson Foundation? Caisson is a watertight structure which it is generally made up of timber, steel, and reinforced cement concrete (R.C.C) and constructed in connection with the excavation for the foundation of piers, bridges, and dock structures etc. Basically, the word Caisson means a box-type structure. It is a large diameter foundation which … Read more

Grillage Foundation A foundation consisting of one, two or more layers of beams (typically steel) superimposed on a concrete layer to disperse the load over a large area is a foundation for grilling. It is used at the base of the columns. These layers are wrapped in concrete and are at right angles to each … Read more

What Is Pier Foundation? A pier foundation is a collection of large diameter cylindrical columns to support the superstructure and transfer large super-imposed loads to the firm strata below. It stood several feet above the ground. It is also known as “post foundation”. or Drilled pier foundations, the subject matter of this article, belong to … Read more

What Is Plaster? This id the process of covering rough walls, uneven surfaces in the construction house and other structures with a plastic material, called plaster or mortar. Sometimes, the term ‘rendering’ is used instead of plastering when the plaster or cement is applied to the external surface of the wall either to improve the … Read more

What is Asphalt Flooring? This floor is water-resistance, unclean, junction, acid-resistance and charming in look and like pretty famous nowadays and this floor are even anti-skid and soundless. Asphalt flooring is a flat plane coating produced from a combination of asphalt, chrysotile, paint, and glass beads. It is generally about 1/8 or 3/16 inch flat … Read more

Drywall Water Damage Repair What is drywall? A question often asked by many people. So before knowing how to fix damaged drywall by yourself you must have a brief idea about the structure, composition, and nature of drywall. A drywall is nothing but a panel of calcium sulfate dihydrate commonly known as gypsum which is … Read more

What Are Differences Between Shear Slump and Collapse Slump in Slump Test? The differences that can be seen between shear slump and collapse slump in lump test are. During slump test when half of the cone slides down in an inclined plane, it is called a shear slump. Shear slump is an indication of the … Read more

What Is Glass? Glass is generally the oldest material and fancy material which is used in the building industry and for other purposes. Glass is generally installed to enhance the beauty of the structure and provides a premium look. Glass is also a fascinating material among people since its discovery. Glass is basically a hard … Read more

What Is Hempcrete? Hempcrete is a bio-composite that is made from the inner wood core of the hemp plant and mixed with the lime and other natural materials. It is also known as hemp-concrete. Hemp is a plant that grown without any use of plant protection chemicals. It required a very little amount of water … Read more

Quality Testing of Sand at The Construction Site for The Concrete There are different methods for testing the quality of sand at the construction site for concrete construction. The quality of the sand is as important as other materials for concrete. The most different, which passes through the 4.75 mm IS strainer, is known as … Read more

What Is Corrosion? Corrosion is a native method that transforms pure metals into a robust synthetic form like oxide or hydroxide. It is the constant of metal because of artificial action with their enclosing. It degrades and erodes the metals by listless their power, looks, and long-lasting factors. Materials will generally part into two sections … Read more

What Is Hard Hat? Hard hats are one of the most important and essential accessories which are widely used on construction sites all over the world. Hard hats are designed in such a way that they will help to protect the head of the worker from any kind of injury. Construction sites are usually prone … Read more

How Cement Is Made? This Portland cement is a fundamental component of concrete. Concrete is produced when portland cement makes a paste with water that joint with rock and sand to harden. Cement is manufactured through a closely controlled chemical combination of calcium, silicon, aluminium, iron and other ingredients. Common materials used to manufacture cement … Read more

Introduction of Pier and Beam Foundation The foundation plays important role in the construction of the building. The strength of the structure depends on how the foundation of the building is constructed. In the olden days Pier and beam foundation is widely used in the construction of these structures because of its economy. In this … Read more

What Is Stone? Stone is a naturally available building material that has been used in the early age of civilization. It’s available in the form of rocks, which can be cut into the required size and shape and used as a building block. It has been used to construct small residential buildings into large temples … Read more

Introduction of Soak Pit Design If there is no intention or need to reuse wastewater, collected rainwater or gray water, immersion pits can offer an economic opportunity for partial treatment of waste-water or ash from a primary treatment (eg septic tank, double pits for flush toilets, biogas collector, deflector anaerobic reactor, etc.) and a relatively … Read more

Introduction of Undercoat Paint plays a crucial role in the appearance of the structure. Paint also protects the structure from the external agencies. Painting enhances the aesthetical view of the structure. It is very necessary that the painting of the home should be done properly because it helps to maintain the overall condition of the … Read more

What Is Septic Tank? A septic tank collects and treats wastewater in a property that isn’t linked to the mains sewer system and is, thus, most commonly used in rural areas. The term ‘septic’ means’infected with microorganisms’; the tanks contain bacteria that break down organic waste. The inclusion of a bacterial treatment mechanism would be … Read more

What Is Folded Plate? When assemblies of flat plates are rigidly connected together with each other along their edges, such setup is known as Folded Plate. Folded Plates are connected to in such a way that the structural system is capable of carrying loads without the need of additional supporting beams along mutual edges. The … Read more

What Is Window Glazing? Window glazing is one of the best innovations that help to maximize the energy of the buildings. Doors and windows are a-holes in the walls through which around 70% of heat loss occurs. Hence, the type of doors and windows you choose will significantly affect the energy efficiency of the buildings. … Read more

What Is Shotcrete? Shotcrete is a kind of refined concrete drizzled by a gas hose-pipe nozzle at high pressure & velocity on a projectile motion on a prepared wall surface. It is strengthened by conventional steel rods, steel mesh or fibres. It is often utilised in tunnels, underground walls, retaining walls, drainage systems & swimming … Read more

Introduction of Brick Bat Coba We spent a lot of money on the interior and exterior view of our home. But many people don’t spend money on the waterproofing of their homes due to which they face the problems of leakages in the rainy season. Water is one of the biggest enemies of Buildings. It … Read more

Introduction of Measuring Distance Distance measurement is usually regarded as the most fundamental of surveying observations. In traditional ground surveys, although many angles might be read, the length of at least one line has to be measured to supplement the angles in locating points. In-plane surveying, the distance between two points means the horizontal distance. … Read more

Dry Lean Concrete: Everything You Need to Know About Dry Lean Concrete Dry Lean Concrete is a mixture in which the amount of cement is less than the amount of liquid that is present in the layers. This makes it ideal as a base layer on which other types of concrete are placed on top. … Read more

What Is Carbon Steel? One of the trendy and widely used construction materials in the world contains steel. Steel are many types, and carbon steel is one of them. Steel, which contains over 0.8% of carbon, can be classified as high-carbon steel. This particular steel is approximately very hard and brittle. So it is likely to … Read more

Instruction of Soffits and Fascia The Soffits and fascia play a vital role in the exterior of the structure. Many people don’t give importance to the soffit and fascia which runs along with the tails at the age of the roof. These are the Architectural Elements that are very helpful to protect the home from … Read more

What Is a Benchmark in Surveying? Benchmark is a permanent and temporary reference point in surveying. The term is usually applied to any item used to mark a point as an elevation reference. Type of Benchmark in Surveying It is a relatively permanent point of reference whose elevation for some assumed datum is known. It … Read more

What Is FSI? FSI Full-Form Floor Space Index FSI (Floor Space Index) means Floor space index- the ratio of the built-up space on a plot into the Area of the plot is a regulation followed at the development control norms of many cities. FSI directly tells us about the maximum permissible floor area, which may … Read more

What Are Walls? A wall is a structure and a surface that defines an area, carries a load, provides security, shelter, or soundproofing, or, is decorative. There are many kinds of walls, including Walls in buildings that form a fundamental part of the superstructure or separate interior rooms, sometimes for fire safety. Also Read: What Is … Read more

What Is PPC Cement? Portland Pozzolana cement is an incorporated cement produced in that certain ratio by the synthesis and characterization of OPC cement from pozzolana materials. It’s also generally referred to as PPC cement. PPC type cement is a form of Portland cement distinguished by the existence of pozzolana particles such as fly powder, … Read more

What Is Admixture? Admixture is artificial or natural materials added to concrete, in addition to cement, water, and aggregates, to improve certain properties of concrete during casting, laying, or the service stage. To improve the properties of the concrete needed. It can be divided into two groups which are: Chemical Mineral Types of Admixtures Used … Read more

What is Plaster Finishes? Having your walls up is not the end of the building construction process. If you want to decorate your walls or cover their uneven surfaces, your contractors can finish your building with plaster. Plastering is the process wherein the coarse surfaces of your walls or ceilings are covered to achieve a … Read more

Introduction of Construction Beams There are various types of construction beams are used in buildings depending upon their function and the nature of work. Beams are generally constructed to support one or more points and the effective length of the beam between two supports is known as the span of the Beam. The Beam is … Read more

What Is Pneumatic Structures? Pneumatic Structures are a special type of structure that is generally characterized by the slightly higher air pressure of internal surroundings. The word ‘Pneumatic’ means structures that are constructed with the support of Air Pneumatic structures were introduced in Building Technology about 40 years ago. The pneumatic structure is a membrane … Read more

What Is a Concrete Vibrator? A concrete vibrator is a machine used for construction purposes in civil projects. concrete vibrators come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Some concrete vibrators are smaller, more efficient, and at battery power, while others are much larger with a primary power source based on electric power lines. Choosing … Read more

Introduction of RQD In Civil engineering, different parameters are used to characterize the Quality of the rocks. Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of the rocks and Characteristics of rocks is one of the challenging parts of rock engineering. Rock mass has wide applications in the construction of structures, excavation, and tunnels and in maintaining stable … Read more

Introduction to Extra Rapid Hardening Cement Time is one of the most important factors in construction projects. Time is directly connected to the cost of the project. The use of ordinary portland cement in the construction required more time for hardening and removal of Formwork. Whereas the Extra Rapid Hardening cement sets faster and also … Read more

What Is a Retaining Wall? A retaining wall is a design of a structure; it is built when there is a desired change in ground elevation and to resist the lateral pressure of soil that exceeds the repose angle of the soil. At different levels on the two sides supporting soil laterally retaining, walls are … Read more

Introduction of RCC ( Reinforced Cement Concrete) Concrete is a versatile material that is widely used for the construction of structures. RCC’s full form is Reinforced cement concrete. RCC meaning in civil engineering is a composite material that consists of steel and concrete ( which is a mixture of cement sand and aggregate) and is … Read more

Introduction of English Bond & Flemish Bond Various types of bonds in brick masonry used for wall construction are classified depends on bonding style and laying of bricks in walls. The bond pattern used in brick masonry is developed by the mortar filling between two layers of bricks and in grooves when bricks are laid … Read more

What Is Formwork? The construction of a concrete building requires formwork to support the slabs (horizontal formwork) as well as columns and walls (vertical formwork). The terms concrete formwork and concrete form carry the same meaning and are used interchangeably in this book. Formwork is defined as a temporary structure whose purpose is to provide … Read more

Reamed Meaning Reamed is a cutting procedure for which a cutting process creates a very precise hole size. What Is Under-Reamed Pile Foundation? The Under-Reamed Piles Foundation is a response in areas whereby black cotton soil might eventually cause structural instability. In most instances, soils experience volumetric variations due to fluctuations in moisture below the … Read more

What Is Chicken Mesh for Plaster? Chicken wire has specific properties for plastering use. Chicken wire mesh is formed by twisting two adjacent wires at least four times, forming a strong honeycomb mesh structure. So, it has high strength and durability. Using it when plastering effectively prevents the plaster layer from drying out and cracking. … Read more

What Is Crane? A crane is a significant type of construction machine that’s utilized to move loads horizontally. Equipped with a hoist rope, cable ropes, and sheaves, it may be used to lift heavy loads or transport them to other places. The mechanical benefits created by several elements on the crane may produce powerful strength. … Read more

What Is Well Foundation? Well Foundation is a type of deep foundation that is generally provided below the water level for bridges. Cassions or well have been in use for foundations of bridges and other structures since the Roman and Mughal periods. The term ‘ cassions ’ is derived from the French word Caisse which … Read more

What Is Plaster? This is the process of covering rough walls, uneven surfaces in the construction house, and other structures with a plastic material, called plaster or mortar. Sometimes, the term ‘rendering’ is used instead of plastering when the plaster or cement is applied to the external surface of the wall either to improve the … Read more

Introduction of Construction Certifications Certification can be a huge addition to a construction worker’s resume, as it tells an employer that you’re serious about keeping your qualifications and experience updated. Beyond the possible career development opportunities, certifications are needed in certain cases. Both state and national building codes, as well as project developers, now need … Read more

What Is Hardened Concrete? Hardened concrete is a type of concrete that is strong and have the capacity to bear the structural as well as service loads that are applied to it. Hardened concrete is one of the strongest and most durable construction materials. Hardened concrete is concrete that is completely set and able to … Read more

Introduction of Fire Escape Staircase Urbanization leads to the Construction of the High Rise building. It is also necessary to design high-rise buildings such that they will fulfill all the safety criteria. It is necessary to provide a fire escape in case of emergency or fire hazard. The staircase is one of the most preferred … Read more

Introduction of Hollow Bricks Bricks are one of the most essential and commonly used Building units in the construction world after cement. Traditional bricks are widely used in the construction of Buildings. Nowadays there are many innovations and research going on in the construction industry to develop innovative and cost-effective Construction materials which have more … Read more

What Is Bamboo Flooring? Bamboo flooring is evolving as a popular choice to standard hardwood flooring as it has material resemblances to hardwood but is more long-lasting, eco-friendly, and endurable. Bamboo is not wood, it is a grass native to China that is trimmed down into stripes or strands, dried, and machined into flooring planks. … Read more

What Is Retrofitting? Retrofitting is the modern technique or methodology used to increase the structure’s reliability. Retrofitting is helped to develop safety, durability, and applicability of structure. It furthermore counts new characteristics or technology to the ancient structure. Simply, retrofitting is repairing and modifying the existing structure into a new stable structure that protects it … Read more

What Is Coffered Ceiling? The coffered ceiling is like the baroque style which is invented in the early era of the Renaissance when all the other ceilings are made of stones. At that time coffered ceilings are attached to the nobility because it is a very expensive type of ceiling. Coffered ceilings can produce different … Read more

Introduction of Automation in Construction Construction is one of the largest industries all over the world. Various Reports state that the construction sector contributes to about 10% of the economy of the country. The construction industry has one of the largest market capitalizations and potential. Despite there are many construction firms that are struggling due … Read more

What Is Building? A building is a structure that consists of a roof, floor, walls, foundations, door, windows, etc. The building shelters us, protection from weather and bugs, and thieves, and provides all comforts that help us live a better life. The building can be constructed depending on many factors, including weather conditions, soil conditions, … Read more

Top-Down Construction The easy description of the top-down construction method will help the storeroom surface of the house will install in a system which, after realization of the cellar, will be set up from upper to lower surface by surface. What Is a Top-Down Construction? Regular houses with below-ground storage rooms will make by a … Read more

Mastic Asphalt Flooring The surface of your house is another point, and there is no privacy. Its humidity and freezing floor are losing control and will be curious for another result, such as mastic asphalt flooring. Earlier, it would be best if you had dared to select mastic asphalt flooring because it’s one sheet, fudging … Read more

Modulus of Rupture of Concrete Beam: Modulus of rupture of Concrete beam indicates the amount of compression and force the unstable beam can withstand under any condition and its resistance to bending. What Is Modulus of Rupture? Modulus of rupture measures the strength of civil construction parts like concrete, beams, or slabs. Modulus of rupture … Read more

Definition of Design Period: The design period could be defined as the number of years in the near future in which the supply will surpass the demand. Or, It is the number of years in the near future in which the given facility is obtainable to satisfy the demand. Why Design Period Is Provided? The main … Read more

Information of Septic Tanks System A septic tank is basically an underground structure that is made from concrete, plastic, or fiberglass. The main function of the septic tank is to store the domestic sewage for primary treatment. A septic tank is also known as a sewage collection tank which is commonly used in the areas … Read more

Standard Height of Window from Floor Level To the base of the window from the floor level up, the height is known as the sill level of the window. It is the bottom or lowermost horizontal part of the window. According to the constructions from the floor level, the standard height of the windows is … Read more

Properties of Stones The following properties of the stones should be looked into before selecting them for engineering works: Structure. Texture. Density. Appearance. Strength. Hardness. Percentage Wear. Porosity and Absorption. Weathering. Toughness. Resistance to Fire. Ease in Dressing. Seasoning. 1. Properties of Stones: Structure The structure of the stone may be stratified (layered) or unstratified. … Read more

What Is Azimuths Surveying? Azimuths are defined as horizontal angles that are measured from the reference meridian in a clockwise direction. Azimuths are also called whole circle bearing systems (W.C.B). Azimuths are used in compass surveying, and plane surveying, where it is generally measured from the north. Also Read: Types of Bearing Capacity Failures of Foundation … Read more

Falsework Means The temporary structure is used to support a permanent structure, material, plant, equipment, and people until the construction of the permanent structure has advanced to the stage where it is self-supporting. Falsework includes the foundations, footings, and all structural members supporting the permanent structural elements. Falsework can be used to support formwork for … Read more

Alignment of Road: Alignment is the center line position of the highway on the ground; it is also termed highway alignment. The alignment guides the good pass of the road through the right Alignment, which is the most economical and easy to construct. There are mainly two types of alignment- Horizontal Alignment: It includes a … Read more

What Is Mortar? The term mortar is used to indicate a paste prepared by adding the required quantity of water into a mixture of binding material (cement or lime) and fine aggregate (sand). The above two elements of mortar, namely, the binding material and fine aggregate, are sometimes referred to as the matrix and adulterant, … Read more

Introduction of Indian Road India is a very vast country and where the economic development of the country mainly depends upon its Transportation. The road is one of the most important modes of transport in India. Road plays a very crucial role in the overall development of the country. The Road network of India is … Read more

Introduction to Levelling Levelling is one of the most important parts of surveying before starting the construction of roads, dams, or any other structures. It is a branch of surveying which deals with the measurement of the elevation of the point with respect to the datum level above or below the surface of the ground. … Read more

What Is Dressing of Stone? Dressing of stone is a process of providing a proper shape, size and smooth finish to the rough-surfaced broken stone which is collected from a quarry. This process is done by either hand tools or machinery. Hand tools are used as a pickaxe, chisel etc. The stone dressing process is … Read more

What Is Injection Grouting? Injection Grouting is defined as the process of filling the cracks, and voids under pressure in the structural members for repairing the cracks and strengthening the damaged or deteriorated masonry structures. In the process of grouting, the cracks and the voids are get filled with the help of grouting material which … Read more

What is Bridge? A Bridge, a connecting structure, create bonding between different disconnected parts of a country, two banks of the ocean, or parts of two countries. Also Read: What Is Super Elevation? | Superelevation Definition | Purpose of Providing Superelevation in Roads | Calculation of Superelevation in Roads | Minimum and Maximum Superelevation in Roads … Read more

What Do You Mean by Skeleton Frame? A skeleton frame is a framed structure often used for the construction of multi-story buildings. It incorporates a network, or system, of columns and connecting beams that support the building’s interior floors and exterior walls and carries all loads to the foundations. There are different types of framed … Read more

What Is Plasticizer In Civil? Plasticizers us in concrete for the workability, Strength, and Durability of concrete. Plasticizer in concrete for Water-reducing admixtures usually reduces the required water content for a concrete mixture by about 5 to 12 percent. The use of water-reducing admixtures is defined as Type A in ASTM C 494. The WRA … Read more

Introduction of Beam The Beam is the horizontal structural member which is used to resist the loads which are applied laterally to the axis. Beams are generally used to support on one or more points and the effective length of the beam between two ends supports is known as the span of the beam. In … Read more

What Is Bridge? A bridge is a system for transporting road traffic and perhaps other moving loads across a deep gorge or obstacle, including a river, a canal, a road, or a railroad. Throughout ancient times, the first bridges are built across small streams only with aid of trees down or togs of wood. Subsequently, … Read more

What Is Honeycomb In Concrete? This takes place when the mortar doesn’t fill the distance between the coarse aggregate particles. The presence of honeycomb indicates that the first stage of consolidation hasn’t yet been completed at these locations. Where it shows on the surface, it is necessary to chip out the area and make a … Read more

What Is Dampness? The most common source of dampness is due to the capillary attraction of sub-soil water in the foundation and walls of the building. Water can penetrate the masonry through faulty sills, bad workmanship, etc. and hence in buildings, a layer of water repellent material called damp proof course (DPC) is introduced, which acts as a barrier … Read more

Introduction of Bond Beam Block vs Lintel Block: Bond beam is a horizontal structural element that is generally provided above the brickwork to strengthen the wall. In this article, you will get to know about the Bond beam blocks and lintel blocks. What Is a Bond Beam? The Bond beam blocks are the horizontal concrete masonry units. The bond … Read more

What Is Stone Masonry? The construction of stones bonded together with mortar is termed stone masonry. Where the stones can be found in abundance in nature, on cutting and dressing to the proper shape, they provide an economical material for the construction of various building components such as walls, columns, tooting, arches, beams, etc. Stone … Read more

The network technique is a major advance in management science. This technique is based on the basic characteristics of all projects, that all work must be done in well-defined steps. For example, for completing a foundation, the various steps are (1) Layout, (ii) Digging, (iii) Placing Sideboards, and (iv) Concreting. The network technique exploits this … Read more